英语发音规则
Xilong Yang

告别Chinglish,从发音开始。

连读

英语中的单词,写是一个单词一个单词的写,读却不以单词为单位停顿。当遇到上一个单词尾音可与下一个单词的首音连起来时,就直接连着读。

规则1:辅音+元音

前词尾音是辅音,而后词首音是元音时,拼起来读。类似将汉语中的xi'an (西安)读成xian(鲜)。

例句:

  1. far-away It's not far~away from here.
  2. in-an-hour I should be there in-an-hour.
  3. later-on I'm going to see a movie later-on .
  4. put-it-on Here's your sweater. Put-it-on.
  5. stand-up Stand-up and stretch for a while.
  6. take-care-of I'll always take care-of you .
  7. take-it-easy Takeiteasy! Everything is going to be fine.
  8. take-off Please fasten your seat belt. we will take-off shortly.
  9. there-are There~are forty students in my class.
  10. work-out I work-out every day to keep fit.
  11. come-on!cheer-up!
  12. keep-it-up!
  13. never give-up!
  14. I mean-it.
  15. I've got-a lot-of work to do.
  16. May I have-a cup-of milk?
  17. What do you think-of-it?

规则2:元音+元音

前词尾音与后词首音都是元音时,在两音间加入一个轻微的[j]或[w]音,拼读。

[i:]或[eɪ]结尾的元音+[j]+元音

  1. see us -> see [j] us

    Come and see~us again soon.

  2. be over -> be [j] over

    It will be~over soon.

  3. be able -> be [j] able

    Will you be~able to come tomorrow?

  4. say it -> say [j] it

    Could you say~it again please?

  5. pay Ann -> pay [j] Ann

    Please pay~Ann her salary.

以[u:]或[əʊ]结尾的元音+[w]+元音

  1. do it -> do [w] it

    Don't do ~ it again.

  2. go up -> go [w] up

    Let's go~upstairs and have dinner.

  3. show up -> show [w] us

    Can you show~us something else.

注:这种连音是很自然的现象,不必刻意去加中间的读音,它们会被自然地带出来。

规则3:省略[h]的连读

[h]这个音没啥尊严,连读时直接省略掉。

  1. Does~he know?
  2. What~happened?
  3. Please give~him a hand!

略读

上节规则3介绍了一种省略音节的现象,称为略读。英文中略读也要讲一些武德,不是完全地不读被略掉的音,而是发音时点到为止,有口型不发音或轻微发音。

我们将[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]几个音称为爆破音,这是一个重要概念。两个爆破音相邻,第一个音只形成阻碍,但不发生爆破,称为失爆;爆破音和其他辅音相邻,该爆破音不完全爆破。

失爆:爆破音+爆破音

前一个音形成一个阻碍,但不爆破,后一个音完全爆破。若后音在词尾,须轻化。

两个相同的爆破音相邻时,前一个音只做好发音准备而不发音,直接发第二个音。

单词内失爆

  1. active = a(c)tive [k]+[t]
  2. blackboard = blac(k)board [k] + [b]
  3. dictation = di(k)tation [k] + [t]
  4. football = foo(t)ball [t] + [b]
  5. goodbye = goo(d)bye [d] + [b]

句子内失爆

  1. Stop talking! = Sto(p)-talking!
  2. I don't care. = I don'(t)-care.
  3. I had a bad cold. = I had a ba(d)-cold.

爆破音[t]和[d]+鼻辅音[m]和[n]

[t]和[d]形成阻碍,在句末通过鼻腔爆破:舌尖紧贴上齿龈,稍放开后立即贴回,气流从鼻腔冲出;在句中则不完全爆破。

在末:certain、frighten、Britain

在中:admire、admit、goodness

爆破音[t]和[d]+舌边音[l]

爆破音[t]和[d]后面紧跟舌边音[l],则必须由舌两边爆破,这种情况多发生在词尾。爆破音爆破音[t]和[d]后面紧跟清晰舌边[l],则为不完全爆破。

词末:battle、gentle、little

词中:heartless、lately、badly、needless

爆破音+摩擦音/破擦音=失去爆破

当爆破音后紧跟着摩擦音和破擦音时,该爆破音形成阻碍,但不完全爆破。

摩擦音:[f] [v] [θ] [ ð] [s] [ z] [ ʃ] [ ʒ ] [h] [r]

破擦音:[ts]-[dz],[tr]-[dr],[tʃ]-[dʒ]

例:advance、bookshop、helpful、lecture、object