告别Chinglish,从发音开始。
连读
英语中的单词,写是一个单词一个单词的写,读却不以单词为单位停顿。当遇到上一个单词尾音可与下一个单词的首音连起来时,就直接连着读。
规则1:辅音+元音
前词尾音是辅音,而后词首音是元音时,拼起来读。类似将汉语中的xi'an (西安)读成xian(鲜)。
例句:
- far-away It's not far~away from here.
- in-an-hour I should be there in-an-hour.
- later-on I'm going to see a movie later-on .
- put-it-on Here's your sweater. Put-it-on.
- stand-up Stand-up and stretch for a while.
- take-care-of I'll always take care-of you .
- take-it-easy Takeiteasy! Everything is going to be fine.
- take-off Please fasten your seat belt. we will take-off shortly.
- there-are There~are forty students in my class.
- work-out I work-out every day to keep fit.
- come-on!cheer-up!
- keep-it-up!
- never give-up!
- I mean-it.
- I've got-a lot-of work to do.
- May I have-a cup-of milk?
- What do you think-of-it?
规则2:元音+元音
前词尾音与后词首音都是元音时,在两音间加入一个轻微的[j]或[w]音,拼读。
[i:]或[eɪ]结尾的元音+[j]+元音:
see us -> see [j] us
Come and see~us again soon.
be over -> be [j] over
It will be~over soon.
be able -> be [j] able
Will you be~able to come tomorrow?
say it -> say [j] it
Could you say~it again please?
pay Ann -> pay [j] Ann
Please pay~Ann her salary.
以[u:]或[əʊ]结尾的元音+[w]+元音:
do it -> do [w] it
Don't do ~ it again.
go up -> go [w] up
Let's go~upstairs and have dinner.
show up -> show [w] us
Can you show~us something else.
注:这种连音是很自然的现象,不必刻意去加中间的读音,它们会被自然地带出来。
规则3:省略[h]的连读
[h]这个音没啥尊严,连读时直接省略掉。
- Does~he know?
- What~happened?
- Please give~him a hand!
略读
上节规则3介绍了一种省略音节的现象,称为略读。英文中略读也要讲一些武德,不是完全地不读被略掉的音,而是发音时点到为止,有口型不发音或轻微发音。
我们将[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]几个音称为爆破音,这是一个重要概念。两个爆破音相邻,第一个音只形成阻碍,但不发生爆破,称为失爆;爆破音和其他辅音相邻,该爆破音不完全爆破。
失爆:爆破音+爆破音
前一个音形成一个阻碍,但不爆破,后一个音完全爆破。若后音在词尾,须轻化。
两个相同的爆破音相邻时,前一个音只做好发音准备而不发音,直接发第二个音。
单词内失爆
- active = a(c)tive [k]+[t]
- blackboard = blac(k)board [k] + [b]
- dictation = di(k)tation [k] + [t]
- football = foo(t)ball [t] + [b]
- goodbye = goo(d)bye [d] + [b]
句子内失爆
- Stop talking! = Sto(p)-talking!
- I don't care. = I don'(t)-care.
- I had a bad cold. = I had a ba(d)-cold.
爆破音[t]和[d]+鼻辅音[m]和[n]
[t]和[d]形成阻碍,在句末通过鼻腔爆破:舌尖紧贴上齿龈,稍放开后立即贴回,气流从鼻腔冲出;在句中则不完全爆破。
在末:certain、frighten、Britain
在中:admire、admit、goodness
爆破音[t]和[d]+舌边音[l]
爆破音[t]和[d]后面紧跟舌边音[l],则必须由舌两边爆破,这种情况多发生在词尾。爆破音爆破音[t]和[d]后面紧跟清晰舌边[l],则为不完全爆破。
词末:battle、gentle、little
词中:heartless、lately、badly、needless
爆破音+摩擦音/破擦音=失去爆破
当爆破音后紧跟着摩擦音和破擦音时,该爆破音形成阻碍,但不完全爆破。
摩擦音:[f] [v] [θ] [ ð] [s] [ z] [ ʃ] [ ʒ ] [h] [r]
破擦音:[ts]-[dz],[tr]-[dr],[tʃ]-[dʒ]
例:advance、bookshop、helpful、lecture、object